perfect, passive ...

[ctivnan]

The following are the structures of perfect, passive, and negative gerund forms:

The following perfect forms carry a past action.

PERFECT: having + past participle

Having known the cats for a long time, Carlos didn't have any difficulty playing with them.
Mark enjoyed having won in the competition.

PASSIVE: having + been + past participle

Having been disturbed, the tiger started to become agitated.
I don't see the reason for having been asked that stupid question.


NEGATIVE FORM: always comes before the gerund

Not knowing what to do, the boy just took off.
Not having seen the results made me very anxious.
Devin is upset about not having been allowed to go and play outside.

:bubble:

[fraulein1717]

Thank you again!

Not having seen this thread, my regret.

Did I say it right?

[ctivnan]

Thank you again!

Not having seen this thread, my regret.

Did I say it right?

I (Fraulein) would regret not having seen this thread.
(This form is more commonly used than the previous ones. Your "not having..." is the object of the sentence)

Not having seen this thread would be a regret.
("Not having seen this thread" is the subject of your sentence.

In the sentence:

Not having seen the results, made me very anxious. The comma should be omitted.

Not having seen the results made me very anxious. (corrected form)Hope this helps. ^^

[q_sharon]

Not having heard from my sick uncle for a long time caused my mother to worry much.

:emoticon-5:

[gAn]

Having been persistent in playing Tetris resulted in my highest score.

[shah.baz]

It's really Good for learning and it is helping me a lot. THANKS...